Active and Passive

CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Unit 12 Active and Passive

Introduction

QuestionA.1.
Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the verbs given in brackets?

• It is a big college. More than a hundred teachers __________ (employ) there
• __________ (somebody/clean) the office yesterday
• How much of our countrys land area __________ (cover) by forest
• The hostel gates __________ (lock) at 8.00 pm everyday
• The parcel __________ (send) a month ago and it __________ (arrive) only yesterday
• Where __________ (these photographs/take) ? In Mumbai ? (you/take) them, or somebody else
• Did you use the same type of construction in your answers? [No]
• What are the two types of construction called
• __________
• __________

Answer:

• are employed
• Did somebody clean
• is covered
• are locked
• was sent, arrived
• were these photographs taken, Did you take
• Active
• Passive

QuestionA.2.
When do we use the passive voice ?

Answer:

• My grandfather established this steel factory in 1940
• This steel factory was established in 1940 by my grandfather
• We use the passive voice when we are more interested in the action than the person who does it or when we do not know the active subject
• Read the following sentences and using the given clues, find out the reason for the use of the passive construction as in the Example above
• He was killed in the World War II. Clue : Who must have killed him ? Is it obvious ? - The doer or subject of the action is not obvious or known
• The Bank was looted last night. Clue : Have the police caught the culprits ? - Reason : Active subject is not known. OR the action needs more emphasis
• Sachin Tendulkar is looked upon as a sporting icon. Clue : By whom ? - We are more interested in the action than who does it
• This sort of road-side restaurants can be seen everywhere in this city. Clue : How will you write it in active voice ? - One can see this sort of road-side restaurants anywhere in this city. The doer or subject is not important
• When he arrived at the airport, he was arrested. Clue : Rewrite the sentence in active voice. Is it a little awkward ? - The custom officers arrested him when he arrived at the airport. Yes. It is a little awkward
• Employer : On account of tight financial condition, bonus will not be paid this year. Clue : If it is some good news, what voice will the employer use ? -The subject or doer of the action is obvious
• I got my hair cut. Clue : Look at the construction using got. -The object or agent is obvious
• We must remember that all active constructions cannot/should not be transformed into passive constructions mechanically, even if such transformation is possible

QuestionA.3.
Match the excerpts below with the text types given in the box?

Excerpts
• The tea leaves are picked and left to dry in the sun
• 20 ml of the salt is taken in a test tube and heated over the flame of a Bunsen burner
• Many villagers were adversely affected by the flash flood. It is estimated that nearly half of the standing crop has been submerged in water
Text Types
• Newspaper (and formal) report _______________
• Description of processes _______________
• Academic writings including reporting of scientific experiments _______________

Answer:

• Many villagers were adversely affected by the flash flood. It is estimated that nearly half of the standing crop has been submerged in water
• 20 ml of the salt is taken in a test tube and heated over the flame of Bunsen burner
• The tea leaves are picked and left to dry in the sun
• Newspaper (and formal) report

QuestionA.4.
Read the following excerpt from a news story and answer the questions given below the excerpt. MAESAI (THAILAND). At least 74 people were killed in a strong earthquake that struck Myanmar, state media said on Friday, while a series of aftershocks have caused panic but only limited damage in Thailand and Laos. The death toll from Thursdays 6.8 magnitude tremor was expected to rise slightly in Myanmar after 225 homes and nine government buildings were destroyed. Over 100 people were injured, according to state television. The quake sparked panic, but no major damage in other countries across southeast Asia has been reported. An aftershock of an estimated magnitude of 5.5 rattled Thailand on Friday but caused limited damage, although residents living in properties close to the epicentre were advised to leave their homes?

Answer:

• Are all the verbs in the passage in passive voice ? What do you infer from this ? No, all the verbs in passage are not in passive voice. Some are in the active voice. 1 infer from this that active voice is used when emphasis is on the subject. Passive voice is used when action is emphasised
• Underline the passive constructions in the passage and comment on why the passive is more appropriate than the active in these. The passive constructions to be underlined in the above extracts are : were killed was expected were destroyed were injured has been reported were advised
• The passive is more appropriate than the active as the doer or subject of the action is obvious or understood. Secondly, in these sentences, the action or result is more important. Therefore, passive construction is used
• Rewrite the second paragraph, keeping all the verbs in active voice. Begin like this ... Authorities expect the death toll from Thursdays 6.8 magnitude tremor would rise slightly in Myanmar after the earthquake had destroyed 225 homes and nine government buildings. According to state television the earthquake injured 100people
• Does the re-written paragraph read well or is it a little awkward? Give reasons for your answer. It is a little awkward. The reason is that the sentences dont look natural due to repetition of the words the earthquake which is not important

QuestionA.5.
Now read the following extracts from a passage about a diamond?

• The Jacob Diamond is believed to have been mined in Africa and was bought in London by Shimla-based trader called A.M. Jacob, after whom it is named
• Weighing 184.75 carats, it was reckoned to be the worlds seventh largest diamond
• The Jacob Diamond was bought by the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad, Mahbub Ali Khan
• It was considered to be such a lucky stone that when the Nizam was offered ? 1 million by the Agha Khan, he spurned the offer
• The famous diamond was later purchased by the Indian Government for ? 40 crore
• Give the article a title (use not more than three words)
• Underline all the verb forms in the extracts above. What is the most common verb form in the passage called
• Write the appropriate newspaper headline for extract c. above. Use the jumbled words given in the box below
• bought - diamond - sixth - Jacob - Hyderabad - by - of - Nizam
• Now write a headline for extract e. above
• Compare your answers with your partner and then the rest of the class. Your teacher will then discuss the possible answers
• Now read extract d. again. You want to write a headline based on this extract. You also want to focus attention on the Nizam of Hyderabad, not the Agha Khan. Write a headline to summarise this extract in not more than five words

Answers:

• The jacob diamond
• All the verb forms to be underlined in these extracts are
• believed, mined, bought, called, named
• weighing, reckoned
• bought
• considered, offered, spurned
• purchased
• The most common verb form is The past participle or the passive form. It can be written as be form + past participle
• Jacob diamond bought by sixth nizam of hyderabad
• Famous diamond bought by indian govt. for ? 40 crore
• Meant for class discussion
• Nizam refuses lucky stone offer

QuestionA.6.
Now practise writing a few headlines based on the following clues?

Answers:

• e.g. Police - received anonymous tip / complaint - managed to catch culprits -produced in court Culprits caught and produced in court Expansion: The culprits were caught and prosecuted by the police
• Young Sikkimese - succeeds - scales steepest face - Mt. Kanchenjunga Mt. kanchenjunga scaled by young sikkimese Expansion : The steepest face ofMt. Kanchenjunga was successfully scaled by a young Sikkimese
• Government - passed legislation - ban smoking in state of Tamil Nadu - people not received it well. Legislation banning smoking in tamil nadu passed Expansion : Legislation to ban smoking, in Tamil Nadu has been passed
• The ruling party - excessive election spending - no proper accounts kept - no convincing answer to opposition questioning. Ruling party unable to convince opposition on excessive election spending Expansion : The opposition was not convinced by the ruling partys answer on excessive election spending as no proper accounts were kept I maintained
• Siemens, Germany has appointed new Managing Director - J. Shubert after convening General Body meeting - last week New managing director appointed by siemens Expansion : Mr. Shubert was appointed a new Managing Director by Siemens, Germany in its General Body Meeting last week
• Rice shortage - increase production, says Government. Increase in rice production urged by govt. Expansion : Increase in rice production was urged by the Govt, following rice shortage
• Archaeological Survey of India - has excavated Buddhist Stupa - in village in Haryana Buddhist stupa excavated in haryana Expansion : A Buddhist Stupa has been excavated in a village in Haryana by the Archaeological Survey of India
• Cricket team - prepares - tour to England - July 2011- selectors announce team Cricket team for england announced Expansion : Cricket Team participating in the England Tournament July 2011 has been announced by the selectors

QuestionA. 7.
In two places in the incomplete sentence there has been some reduction, in order to avoid repetition. What are the two words missing between if and found ? And what are the three words missing between if and innocent ? If (___ ____ ___) innocent, she will sue the police for wrongful arrest?

Answer: The two words missing are . she is .." The three words missing are . she is found . Read the following paragraph, which contains some repetition. Edit and rewrite the sentences so that you have one improved sentence?

• The policeman, having been injured by the angry crowd, was lifted up by two Arun College students. He was carried to a nearby ambulance. Then he was taken to the city hospital
• A policeman, having been injured by an angry crowd, was taken to the city hospital in an ambulance by two Arun College students
• Now give the sentence you have written a headline. Some of it has been done for you.Policeman hospitalised by students
• Suppose that you wish to focus attention on the kindness or bravery of the students who helped the policeman, rather than on the policeman himself. Rewrite passage a above so that the focus is on the students, and give your passage a headline. Two Arun College students took a policeman to hospital after an angry crowd had injured him. Two arun college students hospitalised injured policeman
• What is the difference between the verb forms you used in a above and those you used in V

Answer: In a the verb forms used are in passive, while in b these are in active form

B. Present Passive

QuestionB.1.
Read the set of instructions below and underline the main verb in each sentence?

• Place a screwdriver inside a coil carrying a direct current
• It becomes magnetised
• Remove it from the coil
• Place the screwdriver in iron filings
• It attracts the filings

Answer:

• We use passive voice when we write a description of an experiment. Complete the description of the experiment using the information in B1, hy writing the verbs in the correct form. One example has been done for you.
• A screwdriver (place) is placed inside a coil carrying a direct current. The screwdriver (become)
• ______ magnetised. It (removed)
• ______ carefully and (place) ______ in iron filings. It (attract)
• ______ the fillings

Answer: becomes, is removed, placed, attracts Main verbs to be underlined in each sentence are

• place
• becomes
• remove
• place
• attracts
• While writing a description of such an experiment we use simple present tense (Passive)

QuestionB.2.
Now read these instructions. How to demagnetise a screwdriver using a coil?

• Place the magnetised screwdriver blade inside the coil
• Pass an alternating current through it
• Slowly withdraw the screwdriver from the coil to a distance of about one metre while the current is flowing
• It becomes demagnetised
• Switch off the current
• Place the screwdriver in iron filings
• It does not attract the filings
• Write your own description of this experiment, using the Present Passive where appropriate

Answer: A magnetised screwdriver is placed inside the coil. An alternating current is passed through it. The screwdriver is slowly withdrawn from the coil to a distance of about one metre while the current is flowing. It becomes demagnetised. The current is switched off. To testify, the screw driver is placed in iron filings. The filings do not get attracted towards it

QuestionB.3.
As illustrated in India Today, September 1996, Ponniah Ramar, 34, an amiable individual from a Tamil Nadu village, claims to be able to convert a bucket of water into half a bucket of volatile fuel by adding a secret herb -or so he says! Here is the illustration of the process of preparing the fuel?

Answer:Write a report for the Junior Science Digest. You may use a combination of active and passive voice in your report, depending on what you wish to focus attention on

Mystery fuel

Leaves of a plant of unknown identity are collected. These are put in a container of water and boiled. The mixture is allowed to cool. Lime juice and salt are added to it. Then, some chemicals of unknown identity are added to it. After a while, a golden yellow liquid becomes visible as a top layer. It is filtered and used as fuel

Note : The passive construction is underlined.

C. Simple Past Passive

Think back to when you were a small child. For each year, from the ages of five to ten, write a sentence in the simple past passive

• When I was five, I was called Bugs Bunny by my sister
• When I was six, I wasnt allowed to cross the road alone
• When I was seven, I was allowed to play with my neighbourhood friends
• When I was eight, I was made to prepare tea for my mother
• When I was nine, I wasnt allowed to drive a scooty
• When I was ten, I wasnt allowed to wear half-pants
• Show your writing to your partner. Do you share any experiences ? (Correct each others work, as necessary). Classroom activity. Yes/No

D. Modals with the Passive

Question.1
Look at the picture below. At present this room is in a terrible state. Suggest what should be done to make it fit for a student to live and work in. Use different modals in the Passive voice, as in the example?

Answer: The electricity must be connected. The furniture should be repaired. New book-racks or book-shelves should be arranged for the books. The room in general ought to be tidied up. The windows must be cleaned. The walls should be white washed or painted

E. Present Perfect Passive

Two months later, you return to the room to observe the changes made. Write a letter to a friend asking him to pay a visit to your newly-renovated room. Describe in detail what has been changed. Use the space given. Dear Prem You will be pleased to hear that my room is finally ready. It has taken a lot of time and money but it now looks much better. The walls have been painted ...

... and the furniture ha s been repaired. New shelves have been put up at appropriate places. So, now I have a lot of space to keep my books. A new shoe rack has been arranged for footwears. The electric supply has been restored. The windows have been cleaned. Interior decoration has been made. The old paintings have been replaced. Now, the room gives a new look. Please, come to see my room. Yours affectionately Nikhil

F. Future Passive

Question
An architect is speaking at a special meeting of the Town Council. She is presenting her proposals for improving one area of the town. Using the notes below, write down what she will say to the Town Council. You may start the report as given below. "Firstly, the polluted slum settlements will be cleared and replaced with low-cost housing."?

Answer: At present, there is no theatre. Out of six cinemas, one cinema will be turned into a theatre. The open sewers will be covered. The only one primary school is very old. It is overcrowded. Two more primary schools and one secondary school will be set up. There are no parks and open spaces at present. Small parks between low-cost housing blocks will be created

G. Getting Something Done

QuestionG.1.
Study the examples below ?

• Mr. Akshay Pandeys car was damaged in an accident
• A mechanic repaired the car
• Usually in such situations, type b sentences are rather uncommon. Instead, the same idea would be expressed as
• Mr. Pandey got his car repaired
• This means that Mr. Pandey arranged for a mechanic to repair his car. He did not repair it himself. It can also be written thus
• Mr. Pandey had his car repaired. Use the words in brackets to complete the following sentences. Use the structure : have!get something done
• My neighbours __________ (their garden/relay) at the moment
• I lost my identity card. Ill have to __________ another (another/make)
• __________ (you/milk/deliver) to your house every day, or do you go out and buy it
• A : Can I see the photographs you took during our school day function ?
• B : Im afraid __________ (not/the film/ develop) yet
• Your suit is a little tight. Why dont you __________? (a new one/make)

Answers:

• got their garden relaid
• get another identity card made
• Do you get milk delivered
• I have not got the film developed
• get a new one made

QuestionG.2.
Answer the following questions using to have something done. The first one has been done as an example?

Answers:

• Why did you go to the garage? - To have my car serviced
• Why did you go to the doctor? - To have my illness treated
• Why (lid you go to the bank? - To ha ve my nwney deposited
• Why did you go to the tailor? - To have my suit stitched
• Why did you go to the photo studio? - To have my photograph taken
• Why did you go to the dentists? - To have my teeth filled

H. Passives - Summary

QuestionH.1.
Match the items from A and B to make meaningful sentences. There is sometimes more than one sensible combination?

A	B
1 Who will be	(a) be informed
2 She likes	(b) been done to stop it ?
3 They ought	(c) been told ?
4 They are going	(d) was given the money.
5 She	(e) to get hurt
6 It will	(f) have been done by them.
7 You will	(g) asked to come to the party
8 He hates	(h) being asked to parties
9 What has	(i) being looked at
10. Has Sita	(j) to be punished for what they did

Answers:

• (g)
• (i)
• (j)
• (j/e)
• (d)
• (f)
• (a)
• (i/e)
• (b)
• ©

QuestionH.2.
Complete the following sentences appropriately by using the passive form of the given verbs?

• Theres somebody behind us. I think we ....... (follow)
• A mystery is something that ....... (cannot/ explain)
• We didnt play volleyball yesterday. The match ....... (cancel)
• The minaret ....... (restore). The work is almost finished
• Every time I travel by plane, my plane ....... (delay)
• I left some papers on the desk last night and I cant find them now. They ....... (might/ throw) away
• Two people ....... (report) to ....... (injure) in an explosion at a factory in Bengaluru early this morning

Answers:

• are being fo wed
• cannot be explained
• was cancelled
• has been restored
• gets delayed/is delayed
• might have been thrown
• have been reported, be injured/have got injured

QuestionH.3.
Rewrite the paragraph below by changing these sentences into the passive; include the agent only if necessary. Last year Mckiney Company built two new apartment buildings in the city centre. Recently one of the buildings was damaged by an earthquake. The earthquake also destroyed the company offices in the other building. The owners of the apartments of the buildings will receive the insurance money to fix the damages. Nobody will lose the money paid for the apartments?

• Two new apartment __________ Recently one of the buildings was damaged by an earthquake
• The company offices in __________
• The insurance __________
• Money __________

Answer: buildings were built in the city centre by Mckiney Company the other building were also destroyed money will be received by the owners of the apartments of the building to fix the damages, paid for the apartments will not be lost

QuestionH.4.
Look at the following newspaper article. It has two versions. Version A is written in the active and version B is written in the passive voice. For each piece of information, decide whether Version A or Version B is more appropriate. Then rewrite the passage using a combination of the two versions?

Version A Thieves stole the famous Nor Y Koh emerald from the City Museum last night. Police believe the thieves must have forced the locks on the windows and disabled the alarms before the museum attendants had closed the museum for the night. Police have arrested a man whom someone saw acting suspiciously outside the museum

Version B The Famous Nor Y Koh emerald was stolen from the City Museum last night. It is believed that the window-locks had been forced and the alarms disabled before the museum was closed for the night. A man who was seen acting suspiciously outside the museum has been arrested

Answer: Version B is more appropriate. A new passage combining the two versions

Nor y koh emerald stolen

The famous Nor Y Koh emerald was stolen from the museum last night. Police believe the thieves must have forced the locks on the windows and disabled the alarms before the Museum was closed for the night. A man who was seen acting suspiciously outside the museum has been arrested

QuestionH.5.
Shahin, a newspaper reporter, visited the World Book Fair at Pragati Maidan. Suddenly he saw a stall in flames. He jotted down a few notes in his notepad, Using the clues and your own ideas write a newspaper report in the space provided. Use Active or Passive, depending on what you wish to focus on?

Answer:

Fire in world book fair

New Delhi: 10 October (PTI) The interest of book lovers was marred when the stall of M/s Rendezvous Publishers at the World Book Fair at Pragati Maidan suddenly caught fire at about 10 am. There were over 2000 books being displayed. The fire spread in no time. There were many visitors in the stall. They got panicked due to smoke and sudden flames rising up. About 31 people were injured, including 11 women, 6 men and 14 children, in the sudden stampede caused by the panic. All the injured were taken to the nearby hospital. Four persons are still in the Intensive Care Unit. Fire Brigade was immediately called. But, strangely, water was not available nearby to extinguish the fire. The fire could be controlled only by noon. The cause  of the fire could not be established (known)

CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 7

Question 1.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines indicated. Write the incorrect word and the correction in the space provided?

Answers:

Question 2.
Read the following headlines and use the information to complete the following sentences?

• Chennai region tops again in cbse x The Chennai region __________ for the second consecutive year with 96.18% of students clearing the CBSE exam in 2010
• Heatwave in north india to subside next week The Indian Meteorologoical department formally announced __________
• Huts destroyed in fire About 100 huts near Vyasarpadi railway station __________ that broke out early on Friday
• Expert sees tremendous scope for litrerature graduates Education Consultant Mr Jayan Gandhis advice to media aspirants was __________
• Seven killed in road accident Twelve people were injured and __________

Answers:

• has topped
• that heatwave in the North India is likely to subside by the next week
• were destroyed in the fire
• that they should opt Literature at Graduation Level due to its tremendous scope
• seven killed in a road accident

Question 3.
Complete the advertisement for a five star hotel in Kolkata by writing suitable words and phrases in each space from the given options?

• At a time when hotels _____________ in character, the Hotel Park View, Kolkata, strikes a distinctive note. Its five-star amenities, comfort and unique personalized service
• _____________
• _____________
it has 80 rooms and 16 luxury suites. No holiday is complete unless
• _____________ Before this luxury hotel appeared on the Kolkata scene,
• _____________ an unfettered view of the famous How rah Bridge
• are seeming to growing similar
• seem to be growing similar
• seem to be grow similar
• seemed to be growing similar
• made it the ideal hotel for tourists
• make it a ideal hotel for the tourist
• make it an ideal hotel for tourists
• make it the ideal hotel for a tourist
• Located along Chowringhee Lane, and facing the Hooghly
• Located on a Chowringhee Lane, and faced the Hooghly
• Located by the Chowringhee Lane, and it faced the Hooghly
• It is located along Chowringhee Lane, and is faced the Hooghly
• it included the stay at a Hotel Park-View
• it includes a stay at the Hotel Park-View
• it includes a stay at the Hotel Park-View
• which include a stay at Hotel Park-View
• there was none which could offer
• there is none which can offer
• there is none which could offered
• there was none which was offering

Answers:

• seem to be growing similar
• make it an ideal hotel for tourists
• Located along Chowringhee Lane, and facing the Hooghly
• it includes a stay at the Hotel Park-View
• there was none which could offer

Question 4.
Complete the following passage about Aung San Suu Kyi by filling up the blanks with suitable options?

• Aung San Suu Kyi _______ a figurehead for Myanmars struggle for democracy
• _______ 1988. She was educated in Burma, India, and the United Kingdom,
• _______ she got her PhD. In 1988 she returned home
• _______ for her dying mother. Myanmar was in political chaos
• _______ a new military junta took power. A nationwide uprising
• _______ the Generals started and Suu Kyi
• _______ for freedom and democracy. Suu Kyi was kept
• _______ house arrest for the best part of two decades till 13 November, 2010. She was awarded the Nobel Prize
• has been
• had been
• was
• is become
• from
• since
• between
• in
• when
• thcre
• here
• where
• caring
• cared
• to care
• cares
• before
• after
• when
• where
• opposed
• opposite
• against
• again
• is campaigned
• campaigning
• campaigned
• was campaigning
• in
• above
• below
• under

Answers:

• has been
• since
• where
• to care
• after
• against
• campaigned
• under

Question 5.
Mohini met her friend Rajiv at the bus stand after a gap of five years. Later Mohini writes to her friend, Rekha about their conversation. Read the dialogue given below and complete the letter that follows?

• Mohini : Hello, Rajiv. I havent seen you for ages
• Rajiv : I was in the United States for three years. I had gone there to do Masters in Business Administration. I just returned a week ago
• Mohini : Did you have a good time there
• Rajiv : Yes, I did. I finished my masters in two years and then I worked there for a year
• Mohini : Are you back for good
• Rajiv : No, Im here for my brothers wedding. Ill be going back next week
• Dear Rekha, You wont believe whom I met at the bus stand yesterday ! Rajiv. I told him that it was nice to meet him as
• (a) ........ He informed me that
• (b) ........ Masters in Business Administration. He returned a week ago after spending three years in the United States. I asked him
• (c) ........ and he told me that he did. When I asked him if he was back in India for good he said that he
• (d) ........ and that he would be going back the next week. With love Mohini

Answers:

• I had not seen him for ages
• he had been in the United States for three years and he had gone there to do
• if he had had a good time there
• was there for his brothers wedding Or had come to India to attend his brothers wedding

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied?

Answers: